1. Home
  2. Vol 9, No 3 (2021)
  3. Younis

Weed-competition effects on proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): implications for the farmers

Muhammad Younis, Nabeel A. Ikram, Shahid Iqbal, Shakeel Ahmed, Abdul Ghaffar, Zuhair Hasnain, Ghulam Abbas, Neelam Chaudhary, Aniqa Mubeen, Muhammad A. Wahid, Rao M. Ikram

Abstract


Climate resilient proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is viable option to mitigate increasing abiotic stresses due to climate change and food security in the long run. An experiment was conducted at research area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan in 2019 to evaluate the impact of weed competition on growth and yield of proso millet. Proso millet variety Upea was sown in the last week of February 2019 with 20 cm row to row spacing using 5 kg seed per acre. Experiment was comprised of treatments of weeds competition period for viz; zero competition, competition for 2 weeks after emergence (WAE), competition for 3 WAE, competition for 4 WAE, competition for 5 WAE and competition for full season. Result indicated that maximum number of weeds (plants m-2) were noted when weeds competed with proso millet for full period. Increase in total weed-dry weight was recorded when allowed the weeds to compete with crop for whole season. Highest plant height (16.18), 100-grain weight (74.72 t ha-1), crop dry matter and chlorophyll contents (16.62 t ha-1) were noted where, weeds were kept weed free throughout whole season. Highest economic yield of crop was observed where weeds were competed with crop for five weeks after emergence, and it was statistically similar with control. Maximum yield and yield components were recorded from C2 (competition for 2 weeks after emergence) was provided significant results. Likewise, highest grain yield (1890 kg/ha) were recorded under C2. Farmers should remove weeds from proso millet in two to three weeks after emergence. Extension agents should persuade farmers for the post emergence control in first 2-3 weeks of the crop.

Keywords


Proso millet; Weeds competition; Yield; Weeds density

References


Arif, M., M. T. Jan, N. U. Khan, H. Akbar, S. A. Khan, M. Khan, A. Khan, I. Munir, M. Saeed and A. Iqbal. 2010. Impact of plant populations and nitrogen levels on maize. Pak. J. Bot, 42: 3907-13.

Baltensperger, D. D. 2002. Progress with proso, pearl and other millets. Trends in new crops and new uses: 100-03.

Casteel, S. W. and T. J. Evans. 2004. Nitrate. In: Plumlee, KH (Ed.), Clinical veterinary toxicology. (2nd. Edn.), Mosby, St. Louis. PP: 127-130 Place Published.

Das, S., R. Khound, M. Santra and D. Santra. 2019. Beyond Bird Feed: Proso Millet for Human Health and Environment. Agriculture, 9: 64.

Dhanapal, G., M. Sanjay, G. Hareesh and V. B. Patil. 2015. Weed and fertility management effects on grain yield and economics of finger millet following groundnut. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 47: 139-43.

Ebhad, R. U. 1998. Effect of planting geometry and weed control on growth and yield of finger millet at Agronomy Farm. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. Place Published.

Gesimba, R. and M. Langat. 2005. A review on weeds and weed control in oil crops with special reference to soybeans (Glycine max L.) in Kenya. Agricultura Tropical ET Subtropica, 38: 56-61.

Gibson, L. R. 2000. Plant competition. Agronomy Department, Iowa State University. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q. Place Published.

Gramig, G. G. and D. E. Stoltenberg. 2009. Adaptive Responses of Field-Grown Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) to Variable Light Quality and Quantity Environments. Weed Science, 57: 271-80.

Hanna, W. W., D. D. Baltensperger and A. Seetharam. 2016. Pearl Millet and Other Millets. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America. Place Published. pp.537-60.

Ikram, N. A. 2018. Weed-competition effects on maize fodder production sown under different seeding densities. Journal of Weed Science Research, 24: 105-17.

Javaid, A., R. Bajwa, N. Rabbani and T. Anjum. 2007. Comparative tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) allelopathy. Allelopathy Journal, 20: 157.

Khan, M. 2004. Weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) with pre and post-emergenceherbicides. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 1: 39-46.

Khan, M., K. Marwat, G. Hassan and N. Khan. 2002. Impact of weed management on maize (Zea mays L.) planted at night. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 8: 57-62.

Kwiatkowski, C. A., M. Haliniarz, E. Harasim, B. Kołodziej and A. Yakimovich. 2020. Foliar applied biopreparations as a natural method to increase the productivity of garden thyme (thymus vulgaris l.) and to improve the quality of herbal raw material. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 19: 107-18.

Laxminarayan, P. and B. Mishra. 2001. Effect of nutrient and weed management practices on weeds and yield of transplanted rice. Indian Agricultural Research, 22: 258-61.

Malik, R. K., G. Gill and P. R. Hobbs. 1998. Herbicide resistance: A major issue for sustaining wheat productivity in rice-wheat cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Rice-wheat consortium paper Ser. 3. Rice-wheat consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains. New Delhi, India.

Maqbool, M., A. Tanveer, Z. Ata and R. Ahmad. 2006. Growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by row spacing and weed competition durations. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38: 1227.

Mishra, J. S., P.K.R. kumar, Upadhyay and H. Hans. 2018. Weed management in millets. Indian Farming, 68: 77-79.

Nielsen, D. C. and M. F. Vigil. 2017. Water use and environmental parameters influence proso millet yield. Field Crops Research, 212: 34-44.

Ramesh, S., B. T. S. Gowda and E. Gangappa. 1998. Inheritance of qualitative characters in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Crop Research-Hisar, 15: 218-20.

Soliman, I. E. and H. Gharib. 2011. Response of weeds and maize (Zea mays L.) to some weed control treatments under different nitrogen fertilizer rates. Zagazig Journal of Agriculture Research, 38: 249-71.

Wen, Y., J. Liu, X. Meng, D. Zhang and G. Zhao. 2014. Characterization of proso millet starches from different geographical origins of China. Food Science and Biotechnology, 23: 1371-77.

Wright, A., S. Egan, J. Westrup and A. Grodecki. 2001. Weed management for successful plant establishment. Produced by Community Education and Extension support. NRM facts, vegetation series, 48.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.33687/ijae.009.03.3564

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Sohail Irshad

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.