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Enhancement of Growth Parameters and Yield Components in Eggplant using Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. Against Fusarium Wilt Disease

Montaser F. Abdel-Monaim, Mohsen A. Abdel-Gaid, Sahar A. Zayan, Dalia M.T. Nassef

Abstract


Eggplant is one of the important economic vegetable crop which is attacked by several serious diseases such as wilt. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae was isolated from a naturally occurring epidemic of wilt in eggplant plants grown in New Valley governorate. In this study, the antagonistic activity of five Trichoderma species (Trichoderma spirale, T. hamatum, T. polysoprium, T. harzianum and T. viride) against F. oxysporium f. sp. melongenae was evaluated using dual culture technique. T. viride (isolate TVM-5) and T. hamatum (isolate THM-2) showed the highest antagonistic activity, while T. spirale (TSM-1) was the lowest one. In pot experiment, the obtained data showed that all Trichoderma species reduced significantly area under wilt progress curve caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Trichoderma viride and T. hamatum recorded the highest reduction of area under wilt progress curve (AUWPC) (244.0 and 325.33 AUWPC as compared to 1125.33 in control treatment, respectively).  Under field conditions results showed that, these treatments significantly reduced AUWPC and increased all tested plant growth parameters (Plant height, No. of branches plant-1) and fruit yield components (number of fruits plant-1, fruits yield plant-1, fruit weight, No of fruit Kg-1, fruit length, fruit diameters and fruits yield fed.-1) compared with control during growing seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). Trichoderma viride and T. hamatum were the best biocontrol agents as manifested by the significant reduction in both disease severity and increase plant growth parameters and fruit yield components.

Keywords


Eggplant; Trichoderma species; wilt disease; plant growth parameters; biological control

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DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.003.01.0510

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Copyright (c) 2014 Montaser F. Abdel-Monaim, Mohsen A. Abdel-Gaid, Sahar A. Zayan, Dalia M.T. Nassef

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