Effects of pH and Aeration on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Production and Germination

Fakher Ayed, Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine, Rania Aydi-Ben-Abdallah, Mejda Daami-Remadi

Abstract


Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the devastating soilborne fungus responsible for significant plant losses. The effects of pH and aeration on pathogen mycelial growth, sclerotial production and germination were investigated for three Tunisian isolates. Optimal mycelial growth occurred at pH 6 for Sr2 and Sr3 isolates and at pH 6-7 for Sr1. Dry mycelial growth was optimum at pH values ranging between 4 and 7. Sclerotial initiation started on the 3rd day of incubation at all pH values tested and mature sclerotia were formed after 6 to 12 days. Optimal sclerotial production was noted at pH 5. The dry weight of 100 sclerotia varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH range 4-7. At pH 9, mycelial growth, sclerotial production and dry weight of 100 sclerotia were restricted. The optimum sclerotial germination, noted after 24 h of incubation, varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH 4-9. Mycelial growth was optimum in aerated plates with a significant isolates x aeration treatments interaction. Sclerotial initiation occurred at the 3rd day of incubation and mature sclerotia were observed after 6-9 days. Sclerotial development was very slow in completely sealed plates and dark sclerotia were produced only after 15 days of incubation. The highest sclerotial yields were noted in aerated plates. The highest dry weight of 100 sclerotia for Sr1 isolate was recorded in ½ sealed, no sealed and completely sealed plates, while for Sr2, it was noted in ½ and ⅔ sealed plates. For Sr3, the maximum dry weight of 100 sclerotia was recorded in ½, ⅔ and completely sealed plates. Germination of S. rolfsii sclerotia, after 24 h of incubation, did not vary significantly depending on aeration treatments and ranged from 90 to 100% for all isolates.


Keywords


Aeration; germination; mycelial growth; pH; sclerotial production; Sclerotium rolfsii.

References


Abeygunawardena, D. V. W. and R. K. S. Wood. 1957. Factors affecting the germination of sclerotia and mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 40: 221-31.

Anahosur, K. H. 2001. Integrated management of potato Sclerotium wilt caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Indian Phytopathology, 54: 158-66.

Anderson, P. K., A. A. Cunningham, N. G. Patel, F. J. Morales, P. R. Epstein and P. Daszak. 2004. Emerging infectious diseases of plants: Pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19: 535-44.

Aycock, R. 1966. Stem rot and other diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii: or the status of rolfs' fungus after 70 yearsTechnical Bulletin/North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. pp. 136-202.

Ayed, F., H. J. Khiareddine, R. A. B. Abdallah and M. D. Remadi. 2018. Effect of temperatures and culture media on Sclerotium rolfsii mycelial growth, sclerotial formation and germination. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 09: 429.

Banyal, D. K., V. Mankotia and S. K. Sugha. 2008. Soil characteristics and their relation to the development of tomato collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Indian Phytopathology, 61: 103-07.

Basamma, K., K. Naik, C. Madhura and L. Manjunath. 2012. Cultural and physiological studies on Sclerotium rolfsii causing Sclerotium wilt of potato. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 216-19.

Boulila, M. 2001. Le dépérissement de l'olivier issu de boutures herbacées en Tunisie. EPPO Bulletin, 31: 111-12.

Daami-Remadi, M., H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, H. Ayed and M. El Mahjoub. 2007. First report of Sclerotium rolfsii causing a typical soft rot on potato tubers in Tunisia. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection, 2: 59-62.

Daami-Remadi, M., H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, A. Sdiri and M. El Mahjoub. 2010. Effect of temperature on Sclerotium rolfsii mycelial growth and rot severity on potato tubers. The African Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 4: 54-58.

Deacan, J. W. 1984. Introduction to Modern Mycology Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, UK.

Elad, Y. and I. Pertot. 2014. Climate change impacts on plant pathogens and plant diseases. Journal of Crop Improvement, 28: 99-139.

Fery, R. L. and P. D. Dukes. 2002. Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cowpea: Yield-loss estimates and sources of resistance. Crop Protection, 21: 403-08.

Gaaliche, B., S. Chehimi, S. Dardouri and M. R. Hajlaoui. 2017. Health status of the pear tree following the establishment of Fire blight in Northern Tunisia. International Journal of Fruit Science, 18: 85-98.

Gomori, G. 1955. Preparation of buffers for use in enzyme studies. In, Methods in Enzymology Academic Press: New York, USA.

Griffin, D. M. and N. G. Nair. 1968. Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii at different concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 19: 812-16.

Hibar, K., M. Daami-Remadi and M. El Mahjoub. 2007. First report of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on tomato plants in Tunisia. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection, 2: 1-6.

Hussain, M. A., M. Q. Khan, R. Asghar, K. Rehman, N. Hussain, T. Habib, M. DAR and H. Shaheen. 2003. Genetic relationship analysis of wild (Olea cuspidata wall.) and cultivated olive (Olea europaea L.) growing in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 15: 1255-67.

Jabnoun-Khiareddine, H., N. Ibrahim, R. Aydi Ben Abdallah, M. Mars, Z. Kthiri and M. Daami-Remadi. 2018. First report of Coniella granati causing dieback and fruit rot of pomegranate in Tunisia. New Disease Reports, 37: 17.

Kalai-Grami, L., M. Mnari-Hattab, R. Terres, M. Dridi and M. R. Hajlaoui. 2013. First report of apple collar rot incited by Sclerotium rolfsii in Tunisia. Journal of Plant Pathology, 95: 71.

Kator, L., Z. Y. Hosea and O. D. Oche. 2015. Sclerotium rolfsii: Causative organism of southern blight, stem rot, white mold and sclerotia rot disease. Annals of Biological Research, 6: 78-89.

Kritzman, G., I. Chet and Y. Henis. 1977. Effect of carbon dioxide on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of General Microbiology, 100: 167-75.

Kumar, R., P. Mishra, G. Singh and C. S. Prasad. 2008. Effect of media, temperature and pH on growth and sclerotial production of Sclerotium rolfsii. Annals of Plant protection Sciences, 16: 531-32.

Maurya, S., U. Singh, R. Singh, A. Singh and H. Singh. 2010. Role of air and light in sclerotial development and basidiospore formation in Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 50: 206-09.

McCarter, S. M. 1984. Diseases limiting production of jerusalem artichokes in Georgia. Plant Disease, 68: 299-302.

Mordue, J. E. M. 1988. Corticium rolfsii: CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Mycopathologia, 103: 167-86.

Muthukumar, A. and A. Venkatesh. 2013a. Effect of light and aeration on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12: 6843-46.

Muthukumar, A. 2013b. Physiological studies of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing collar rot of peppermint. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12: 6837-42.

OECD. 2015. Agriculture and climate change (September 2015). Paris.

Punja, Z. 1985. The biology, ecology, and control of Sclerotium rolfsii. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 23: 97-127.

Punja, Z. K. 1982. Effects of inorganic salts, carbonate-bicarbonate anions, ammonia, and the modifying influence of pH on sclerotial germination of Sclerotium rolfsii. Phytopathology, 72: 635-39.

Radhouane, L. 2013. Climate change impacts on North African countries and on some Tunisian economic sectors. Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, 107: 101-13.

Rhouma, A., M. A. Triki, S. Krid, J. J. Tuset and M. Msallem. 2010. First report of a branch dieback of olive trees in Tunisia caused by a Phoma sp. Plant Disease, 94: 636-36.

Sarker, B. C., S. K. Adhikary, S. Sultana, A. Biswas and S. F. D. Azad. 2013. Influence of pH on growth and sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii causal agent of foot rot disease of betel vine. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 4: 67-70.

Sharma, S. L. and B. R. Kaushal. 1979. Cultural and physiological studies with sunflower isolate of Sclerotium rolfsii. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 9: 105-07.

Shim, M. Y. and J. L. Starr. 1997. Effect of soil pH on sclerotial germination and pathogenicity of Sclerotium rolfsii. Peanut Science, 24: 17-19.

Singh, A. and H. B. Singh. 2004. Control of collar rot in mint (Mentha spp.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii using biological means. Current science, 87: 362-66.

Taubenhaus, J. J. 1919. Recent studies on Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Journal of Agricultural Research, 18: 127-38.

Zape, A. S., R. M. Gade and R. Singh. 2013. Physiological studies on different media, pH and temperature on Sclerotium rolfsii isolates of soybean. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 2: 238-41.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.007.03.2688

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2018 Fakher Ayed, Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine, Rania Aydi-Ben-Abdallah, Mejda Daami-Remadi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.