Screening for Antagonistic Tropical Fungi against Selected Maize and Bean Pathogens

Khadija N. Hassan, Josphat C. Matasyoh, Marc Stadler

Abstract


Phytopathogens are known to be the leading cause of important plant diseases which result in significant losses in agricultural crops. The need to maintain the level of yield both quantitatively and qualitatively is vital in order to curb the losses. So far there has been a positive advance recognized in research to the use of tropical fungi as biocontrol agents. The objective of this study was to screen for antagonistic tropical fungi against selected phytopathogens of maize (Zea mays L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) namely Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium ultimum, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in vitro. A total of 87 tropical fungi isolates were collected from Kakamega tropical rainforest, Kenya. Dual culture experiment was carried out to screen the tropical fungi against the selected phytopathogens. The bioassay was performed in a completely randomised design in triplicate and the inhibition zones recorded after every week for three weeks. Differential biocontrol ability among nine tropical fungi was noticed against F. moniliforme with the percentage inhibition increasing over time. Fusarium solani was the most active antagonist with an inhibition of 64% while Phaeomarasmius sp. had the lowest activity of 19.1% against F. moniliforme. Epicoccum sp. inhibited the mycelial growth of P. ultimum by 38% and also inhibited C. lindemuthianum by 58%. None of the fungal antagonists inhibited the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. The outcome of this study indicates that tropical fungi can be used as biocontrol agents and can be further explored and developed into effective fungicides for management of phytopathogens.


Keywords


antagonist; bioassay; biocontrol; fungal phytopathogens; tropical fungi

References


Abou-Zeid, A. M., Altalhi, A. D., and El-Fattah, A. 2008. Fungal control of pathogenic fungi isolated from some wild plants in Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology. 4: 30-39.

Ara, I., Rizwana, H., Al-Othman, M. R. and Bakir, M. A. 2012. Studies of actinomycetes for biological control of Colletotrichum musae pathogen during post-harvest anthracnose of banana. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 6: 3879-3886.

Arnold, E. A., and Lutzoni, F. 2007. Diversity and host range of foliar fungal endophytes: Are tropical leaves biodiversity hotspots? Ecology. 88: 541–549.

Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Kimberly, L., Gieseker, K., Heather Strosnider, H. H., Banziger, E. M., and Bhat, R.V. 2006.Workgroup Report: Public Health Strategies for Reducing Aflatoxin Exposure in Developing Countries. Environmental Health Perspective. 114:1898–1903.

Bacon, C. W., Yates, I. E., Hinton, D. M., and Meredith, F. 2001. Biological control of Fusarium moniliforme in maize. Environmental Health Perspectives. 109: Pp 325.

Begum, S., Devi, R. T. and Singh, N. I. 2015. Evaluation of fungicides, biocontrol agents and botanicals for management of damping-off in cabbage seedlings caused by Fursarium moniliforme sheld. Journal of Applied and Natural Science. 7:106-110.

Chomcheon, P., Sriubolmas, N., Wiyakrutta, S., Ngamrojanavanich, N., Chaichit, N., Mahidol, C. and Kittakoop, P. 2006. Cyclopentenones, scaffolds for organic syntheses produced by the endophytic fungus mitosporicdothideomycete sp. LRUB20. Journal of Natural Products. 69: 1351-1353.

Elamvazhuthi1, P. and Subramanian, M. 2013. Antagonistic Activity of Actinomycetes from Jeypore Paddy Soils against Selective Phytopathogenic Fungi. Journal of Modern Biotechnology. 2: 66–72.

Fatima, Z., Saleemi, M., Zia, M., Sultan, T., Aslam, M., Rehman, R. and Chaudhary, M. F. 2009. Antifungal activity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolates against Rhizoctonia solani in wheat. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8.

Hajieghrari, B., Torabi-Giglou, M., Mohammadi, M. R. and Davari, M. 2008. Biological potential of some Iranian Trichoderma isolates in control of soil borne plant pathogenic fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7: 967-972.

Hawksworth, D. 2004. Fungal diversity and its implications for genetic resource collections. Studies in Mycology. 50: 9-18.

Huang, Y., Wang, J., Li, G., Zheng, Z., and Su, W. 2001. Antitumor and antifungal activities in endophytic fungi isolated from pharmaceutical plants. FEMS Immunology of Medical Microbiology. 31: 163–167.

Joseph, B. and Priya, M. R. 2011. Bioactive Compound from Endophytes and their Potential in Pharmaceutical Effect: A Review. American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1: 291-309.

Khamna, S., Yokota, A., Peberdy, J. F., and Lumyong, S. 2009. Antifungal activity of Streptomyces spp. isolated from rhizosphere of Thai medicinal plants. International Journal of Integrative Biology. 6: 143-7.

Mahuku, G., Lockhart, B.E., Wanjala, B., Jones, M.W., Kimunye, J.N., Stewart, L.R., Cassone, B.J., Sevgan, S., Nyasani, J.O., Kusia, E. and Kumar, P.L., 2015. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN), an emerging threat to maize-based food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Phytopathology. 105: 956-965.

Martínez-Medina, A., Alguacil, M. D. M., Pascual, J. A., and Van Wees, S. C. 2014. Phytohormone profiles induced by Trichoderma isolates correspond with their biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity on melon plants. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 40: 804-815.

Mejía, L. C., Rojas, E. I., Maynard, Z., Van Bael, S., Arnold, A. E., Hebbar, P., Samuel, G. J., Robbins, N. and Herre, E. A. 2008. Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents of Theobroma cacao pathogens. Biological Control. 46: 4-14.

Moreno- Perez, P., Gamboa-Angulo, M., Heredia, G., Canto- Canche, B., Rosado-Vallado, M., Medina-Baizabal, I. L. and Tapia- Tussell, R. 2014. Antagonistic properties of mycromycetes from sinkholes of the Yucatan Penisula against fungal phytopathogens. Revista Mexicana de micologia. 40: 27-36.

Nyikal, J., misore, A., Nzioka, C. and Njuguna, C. 2004. Outbreak of aflatoxin poisoning – Eastern and Central provinces, Kenya, January-July 2004. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2004. Retrieved March 16, 2014 from High Beam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-700077151.html

Patil, A., Laddha, A., Lunge, A., Paikrao, H. and Mahure, S. 2012. In vitro Antagonistic Properties of Selected Trichoderma Species against Tomato Root Rot Causing Pythium Species. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology. 1: 302 – 315.

Prapagdee, B., Kuekulvong, C. and Mongkolsuk, S. 2008. Antifungal Potential of Extracellular Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus against Phytopathogenic Fungi. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 4:330-337.

Quin, M. B., Flynn, C. M., and Schmidt-Dannert, C. 2014. Traversing the fungal terpenome. Natural Product Reports. 31: 1449-1473.

Rodrigues, T. T., Maffia, L. A., Dhingra, O. D., and Mizubuti, E. S. 2010. In vitro production of conidia of Alternaria solani. Tropical Plant Pathology. 35: 203-212.

Rosa, L. H., Vieira, M. L. A., Cota, B. B., Johann, S., Alves, T. M. A., Zani, C. L. and Rosa, C. A. 2011. Endophytic Fungi of Tropical Forests: A Promising Source of Bioactive Prototype Molecules for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases, Drug Development - A Case Study Based Insight into Modern Strategies, Dr. Chris Rundfeldt (Ed.) Retrieved on 23rd May 2015. http://www.intechopen.com/books/drug.

Schubert, M., Fink, S., and Schwarze, F. W. 2008. In vitro screening of an antagonistic Trichoderma strain against wood decay fungi. Arboricultural Journal. 31: 227-248.

Stadler, M. and Hoffmeister, D. 2015. Fungal natural products - the mushroom perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: Pp 127.

Subban, K., Subramani, R., and Johnpaul, M. 2013. A novel antibacterial and antifungal phenolic compound from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Natural Product Research. 27: 1445-1449.

Sundaramoorthy, S. and Balabaskar, P. 2013. Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology. 1: 36-40.

Talontsi, F. M., Dittrich, B., Schüffler, A., Sun, H., and Laatsch, H. 2013. Epicoccolides: Antimicrobial and antifungal polyketides from an endophytic fungus Epicoccum sp. associated with Theobroma cacao. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 15: 3174-3180.

Thomas, S. E., Crozier, J., Aime, M. C., Evans, H. C. and Holmes, K. A. 2008. Molecular characterisation of fungal endophytic morphospecies associated with the indigenous forest tree, Theobroma gileri, in Ecuador. Mycological Research. 112: 852-860.

Vaz, A. B., Mota, R. C., Bomfim, M. R. Q., Vieira, M. L., Zani, C. L., Rosa, C. A., and Rosa, L. H. 2009. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with Orchidaceae in Brazil. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 55: 1381-1391.

Verma, M., Brar, S. K., Tyagi, R. D., Surampalli, R. Y. and Valero, J. R. 2007. Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp.: panoply of biological control. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 37: 1-20.

Vieira, M. L., Hughes, A. F., Gil, V. B., Vaz, A. B., Alves, T. M., Zani, C. L. and Rosa, L. H. 2011. Diversity and antimicrobial activities of the fungal endophyte community associated with the traditional Brazilian medicinal plant Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae). Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 58: 54-66.

Vieira, M. L., Johann, S., Hughes, F. M., Rosa, C. A., and Rosa, L. H. 2014. The diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plant Baccharis trimera (Asteraceae) from the Brazilian savannah. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 60: 847-856.

Wang, B., Yu, J., Zhu, D., Chang, Y. and Zhao, Q. 2014. Maize ZmRACK1 is involved in the Plant Response to Fungal Phytopathogens. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15: 9343-9359.

Whiteside, J. O. 1986. Semi selective media for the isolation of Elsinoe fawcettii from citrus scab pustule. Plant Disease. 70: 204-206.

Yu, H., Zhang, L., Li, L., Zheng, C., Guo, L., Li, W. and Qin, L. 2010. Recent developments and future prospects of antimicrobial metabolites produced by endophytes. Microbiological Research. 165: 437-449.

Živković, S., Stojanović, S., Ivanović, Ž.,Gavrilović, V., Popović, T., and Balaž, J. 2010. Screening of antagonistic activity of microorganisms against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Archives of Biological Sciences. 62: 611-623.


Full Text: PDF XPS

DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.005.02.1674

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2016 KHADIJA NZINGO HASSAN

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.