Management of Fusarium wilt of cucumber using plant extracts under in vitro and high plastic tunnel conditions in Balochistan, Pakistan

Adnan ., Manzoor Ali Abro, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano, Rehana Naz Syed

Abstract


Fusarium wilt of cucumber, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC), poses a major threat to cucumber production, especially under protected cultivation systems such as high plastic tunnels. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of selected plant extracts against FOC under both in vitro and high tunnel conditions in Balochistan. In vitro assays demonstrated that all tested plant extracts significantly suppressed the radial growth of FOC compared to the untreated control. Turmeric and eucalyptus extracts exhibited the highest antifungal activity, reducing fungal colony diameters to 11 mm and 14 mm, respectively, at 12% concentration, compared to 85 mm in the control. Ginger and red radish showed moderate inhibition, while mint, black pepper, and garlic were the least effective. Based on in vitro results, turmeric, eucalyptus, and ginger were selected for further evaluation under high plastic tunnel conditions. Cucumber plants treated with these extracts exhibited a significant reduction in disease incidence (18.45-48.82%), plant mortality (16.65-36.80%), and root infection (20.32-52.42%) compared to untreated control plants (77.82%, 72.15%, and 75.50%, respectively). Eucalyptus was the most effective treatment across all parameters. Moreover, treated plants showed enhanced vegetative growth, with significant increases in shoot and root length, fresh biomass, and dry matter accumulation. The highest values for all growth parameters were recorded in eucalyptus-treated plants, followed by turmeric and ginger. In conclusion, turmeric and especially eucalyptus extracts show strong potential as eco-friendly solutions for managing Fusarium wilt in cucumber under protected cultivation, warranting further field-scale validation.

Keywords


Fusarium wilt, Cucumber, Plant extracts, High plastic tunnel, Biological control

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.009.03.5743

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