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Apple Scab in Morocco: Resistance to Chemical Fungicides and Perspectives of Control: A Review
Abstract
Apple scab, caused by the ascomycete fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter (1875), is one of the most devastating diseases of apple (Malus × domestica) worldwide, including in Morocco, where apple cultivation plays an important role in the arboriculture sector. This disease can spread widely under favorable environmental conditions and in the absence of effective preventive and curative measures, leading to severe economic losses due to fruit damage, reduced yields, and increased costs associated with fungicide applications. Moreover, the intensive and repeated use of chemical fungicides has contributed to the emergence of V. inaequalis strains that are resistant to several active substances. In Morocco, thirteen active fungicidal compounds are currently used to control this disease. This review presents all the active ingredients authorized for use in Morocco against apple scab and evaluates their efficacy. It also discusses the development of resistance to systemic fungicides by Venturia inaequalis at both the national and global levels and assesses their future prospects. Finally, this article highlights alternative approaches to chemical control, including biological and genetic interventions in the management of apple scab, with an emphasis on the potential of these strategies to guide and support future research efforts.
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DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.014.03.5787
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