Phytotoxic Effects of Selected Weeds Associated with Wheat Crop
Abstract
Weeds associated with various crops can significantly affect the growth of surrounding plants through chemical interaction. Understanding the phytochemical profile of these weeds and their potential allelopathic effects is crucial for developing effective weed management strategies. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Stellaria media, Amaranthus viridis, Euphorbia helioscopia, and Fumaria indica on the growth and germination of wheat. Four different extracts (i.e., methanol, ethanol, acetone, and aqueous) of all plant species were analyzed for the allelopathic potential and screening of essential phytochemicals. Alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids were found in all species. Phlobatannins were also present in all species except Convolvulus arvensis. Allelopathic evaluation of all these extracts was done against wheat by filter paper method. Two different concentrations (0.4% and 0.6%) for each of the extracts were used for this evaluation. The inhibitory effect on seed germination was increased with increasing concentration of the extract. Results have indicated the inhibitory effect of Stellaria media, Amaranthus viridis, Euphorbia helioscopia, and Fumaria indica on seed germination of wheat at all concentrations. While maximum growth retardation (98%) was displayed by ethanol extract of Stellaria media. Results concluded that Stellaria media had direct inhibitory effects on the growth of wheat. Therefore, its incorporation in an intercropping system should be avoided. Moreover, identification of major phytochemicals responsible for the allelopathic potential of these species needs further investigation before imposing them on agricultural practices.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33687/planthealth.03.02.4921
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