The Role of Organizational Trust an Empirical Estimation of Agriculture Transformation and Rural Development in Pakistan under SDGs
Abstract
Agriculture sector still support more than half population of the country. Contribution of agriculture is important for Pakistan’s development. Agriculture has been always the main sector of the economic growth of the Pakistan. This study has been conducted to investigate the role of agriculture sector in rural development of Pakistan. To achieve economic sustainability and growth, Pakistan planned to adopt 17 SDGs and under that SDG 2 promote agriculture sustainability. So, it is aimed to measure the progress of Pakistan on this defined indicator to analysis the impact of structural transformation on agriculture sustainability. Time series data has been taken from 1972-2017. ARDL method of estimation has been used for the fulfillment of the objective of the study. Agriculture productivity has been taken as the dependent variable and Employment in Agriculture, Agricultural land, Agricultural Machinery and Fertilizer Consumption are taken as independent variables. For the estimation double log equation has been used. To check the co integration among the dependent and independent variables ARDL bound test has been utilized. It has been observed that through the existing body of knowledge that agriculture machinery, agriculture land and fertilizer consumption in agriculture sector has positive effect in the rural sector. But it has been observed that employment in agriculture have not significant effect on the agriculture value added in Pakistan. It is necessary to enhance the agriculture sector for the rural development which ultimately boosts the economic growth.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, B. (1987). Profitability of Pakistan's Agriculture The Pakistan Development Review, 26(4), 457-469.
Anríquez, G., & Stamoulis, K. G. (2007). Rural development and poverty reduction: Is agriculture still key? eJADE: electronic Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 4(1), 5-46.
Baig, M. B., AlSubaiee, F. S., & Straquadine, G. S. (2009). Role of agricultural extension in sustainable rural development in Pakistan. Agricultural Management/Lucrari Stiintifice SeriaI, Management Agricology, 11(1).
Baker, C. B. (1973). Role of credit in the economic development of small farm agriculture. Small Farmer Credit Analytical Papers, 919(119), 45.
Bharadwaj, K. (1975). Production conditions in Indian agriculture. The Economic Journal, 85(340), 950-953.
Bowers, J. (1995). Sustainability, agriculture, and agricultural policy. Environment and Planning A, 27(8), 1231-1243.
Byerlee, D., De Janvry, A., & Sadoulet, E. (2009). Agriculture for development: Toward a new paradigm. Annual Revview of Resource Economics, 1(1), 15-31.
Chandio, A. A., Jiang, Y., & Guangshun, X. (2016). Agriculture and Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 7(3), 1037-1045.
Datt, G., & Ravallion, M. (1998). Farm productivity and rural poverty in India. The Journal of Development Studies, 34(4), 62-85.
Ding, S., Meriluoto, L., Reed, W. R., Tao, D., & Wu, H. (2011). The impact of agricultural technology adoption on income inequality in rural China: Evidence from southern Yunnan Province. China
Economic Review, 22(3), 344-356.
Edwards-Jones, G. (2006). Modelling farmer decision-making: concepts, progress and challenges. Animal science, 82(6), 783-790.
Farshad, A., & Zinck, J. (1993). Seeking agricultural sustainability. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 47(1), 1-12.
Gill, Z. A., Mustafa, K., & Jehangir, W. A. (1999). Rural development in the 21st century: some issues. Pakistan Development Review, 38(4), 1177-1192.
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., . . . Toulmin, C. (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. science, 327(s5967), 812-818.
Griffin, K., Khan, A. R., & Ickowitz, A. (2002). Poverty and the Distribution of Land. Journal of Agrarian change, 2(3), 279-330.
Hamid, A., & Ahmad, H. K. (2009). Growth and productivity in purview of transitional dynamics in Pakistan Agriculture Sector. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 47(1), 49-78.
Hani, F., Braga, F. S., Stampfli, A., Keller, T., Fischer, M., & Porsche, H. (2003). RISE, a tool for holistic sustainability assessment at the farm level. International food and agribusiness management review, 6(4),
-90.
Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: a two-sector analysis. The American Economic Review, 60(1), 126-142.
Hayati, D., & Karami, E. (2006). Combining qualitative and quantitative methods in the measurement of rural poverty: the case of Iran. Social Indicators Research, 75(3), 361-394.
Johnston, B. F., & Kilby, P. (1973). Agriculture and Structural Transformation: Economic Strategies in Late Developing Countries. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Jones, W. I. (1972). Mexico's Puebla Project: is there hope for the minifundistas? International Development Review, 14(2), 395-397.
Khalid, N., Siddiqa, A., Sheraz, A. C., & Zaman, K. (2018). Impact of Agriculture Sector Development on Economic Growth: Application of Robust Linear Least Squares Regression on Pakistan’s Data Set. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 14(4), 634-635.
Klein, P. G., & Cook, M. L. (2006). TW Schultz and the human-capital approach to entrepreneurship. Review of Agricultural Economics, 28(3), 344-350.
Nulty, L. (1972). The green revolution in West Pakistan. Implications of technological change. The green revolution in West Pakistan. Implications of technological change.
Rani, U. (1971). Size of farm and productivity. Economic and political weekly, 6(26), 85-89.
Rosenzweig, M. R. (1978). Rural wages, labor supply, and land reform: A theoretical and empirical analysis. The American Economic Review, 68(5), 847-861.
Sarkar, K. K., & Prahladachar, M. (1966). Mechanization as a technological change. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 21(1), 171.
Schader, C., Grenz, J., Meier, M. S., & Stolze, M. (2014). Scope and precision of sustainability assessment approaches to food systems. Ecology & Society, 19(3), -.
Schultz, T. W. (1980). Nobel lecture: The economics of being poor. Journal of political Economy, 88(4), 639-651.
Uchendu, V. C. (1970). The impact of changing agricultural technology on African land tenure. The Journal of Developing Areas, 4(4), 477-486.
Zaman, K., Khan, M. M., Ahmad, M., & Rustam, R. (2012). The relationship between agricultural technology and energy demand in Pakistan. Energy Policy, 44(2), 268-279.
Zuberi, H. A. (1989). Production function, institutional credit and agricultural development in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 48(1), 43-55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33687/jsas.010.02.4236
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Huma Rani Hussain; Majid Ali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal of South Asian Studies
ISSN: 2307-4000 (Online), 2308-7846 (Print)
© EScience Press. All Rights Reserved.