Molecular confirmation and morphological characterization of Aculops lycopersici (Tryon, 1917) (Acari: Eriophyidae) on tomato seedlings in central Iraq

Shaimaa Idan Kzar, Halla Kadhem Jbir Al-Jubouri

Abstract


The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon, 1917) (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a major global pest of tomato causing damage to both seedlings and mature plants. In Iraq, its identification has previously relied mainly on morphological observations, which may lead to misidentification due to closely related species. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm A. lycopersici infesting tomato in Baghdad using morphological and molecular approaches and to assess its seasonal abundance and associated symptoms under field conditions. Morphological examination revealed diagnostic features typical of A. lycopersici, including a fusiform body, distinct prodorsal shield pattern, numerous opisthosomal annuli, and a four-rayed empodium. Molecular identification using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene amplification produced a clear band of approximately 650 bp. Sequence analysis showed 98-100% identity with authenticated A. lycopersici sequences available in GenBank, and phylogenetic analysis clustered the Iraqi isolates within a well-supported A. lycopersici clade, confirming the species identity. A total of 200 tomato leaf samples were examined, of which 95.5% were positive for the mite, indicating its widespread occurrence. Population densities varied seasonally, with peak abundance recorded in mid-May (45 mites per leaf), while lower densities occurred during September and October. Infested plants exhibited characteristic symptoms including leaf bronzing, upward curling, and stem discoloration. Generally, the combined morphological and molecular evidence provides the first confirmed molecular record of A. lycopersici in Iraq and highlights its high prevalence and seasonal dynamics in tomato fields, emphasizing the need for effective monitoring and management strategies.

Keywords


Aculops lycopersici, Tomato rust mite, COI gene, Molecular confirmation, Seasonal abundance, Iraq

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.010.02.6007

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