An analysis of the readiness of agricultural extension centers in Iraq for adopting artificial intelligence applications in integrated pest and disease management: a comparative study based on the SWOT model

Ahmed Saker Abdullah, Marwan Naji Ali, Omar Ali Daham Mohammed

Abstract


The current study aimed to evaluate the readiness of agricultural extension centers in Iraq to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) applications for integrated pest and disease management. It also assessed internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats, using a SWOT framework to determine institutional preparedness. In addition, a development strategy was planned to augment the efficiency of the extension system in adopting and implementing AI technologies, alongside a comparative analysis of preparedness levels across Iraqi governorates. The study sample encompassed 234 employees working in agricultural extension centers across fifteen Iraqi governorates, selected using a stratified sampling approach based on geographic distribution. The findings showed that agricultural extension centers displayed a moderate level of preparedness for AI adoption. Baghdad Governorate demonstrated the highest readiness, followed by neighboring governorates, whereas more distant governorates exhibited relatively lower levels of preparedness. SWOT analysis discovered numerous strengths and promising opportunities within the extension environment, mainly the availability of skilled personnel and institutional support for the adoption of AI technologies. Nonetheless, major limitations were also recognized, such as scarce financial resources, inadequate training programs, and insufficient technological infrastructure. The study concludes that Iraq’s agricultural extension system provides a solid foundation for the gradual implementation of AI-based plant protection tools, such as decision support systems for integrated pest management and pest and disease forecasting models. To ensure successful adoption, the study recommends the implementation of a national development strategy focused on upgrading infrastructure, strengthening human capacity, and reinforcing research, extension, and institutional partnerships.

Keywords


SWOT analysis, Artificial intelligence, Agricultural extension, Integrated pest management, Preparedness

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.010.01.5990

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