Eco-friendly management of gladiolus corm rot and wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum using green-synthesized silver nanobiofungicides

Ahmed Faiz Akbar, Adnan Younis, Muhammad Jafar Jaskani, Muhammad Asif Hanif

Abstract


This study evaluated the potential effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (BSN) produced using plant pigments from Clitoria ternatea, Solanum nigrum, Catharanthus roseus (CR), and Cucumis prophetarum at four concentrations: control, 10, 15, and 20 mg L⁻¹. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were predominantly spherical, with an average particle size of approximately 18 nm, as confirmed by particle size distribution analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of O–H (carboxylic acid) and N–O (nitro compound) functional groups, suggesting that plant biomolecules played a dual role in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. X-ray diffraction analysis showed four distinct diffraction peaks at 38.19° (111), 44.37° (200), 64.56° (220), and 77.47° (311), confirming the crystalline nature and high purity of the AgNPs synthesized from the plant extracts. Artificial inoculation of Fusarium oxysporum on gladiolus corms was conducted to assess the antifungal efficacy of BSN. Corms treated with 20 mg L⁻¹ CR-based BSN exhibited dark brown lesions with approximately 90% disease suppression, reduced fungal colony size (2.36 cm and 2.14 cm), and significantly extended vase life (20 and 21 days) in the ‘White Prosperity’ and ‘Red Advance’ cultivars, respectively. BSN-coated corms stored under ambient and cold storage conditions showed minimal disease incidence, with reductions of 1.56% and 1.05% in ‘White Prosperity’ and ‘Red Advance’, respectively, at 20 mg L⁻¹ CR treatment. Overall, BSN, particularly CR-based nanoparticles at 20 mg L⁻¹, proved highly effective in controlling Fusarium wilt and enhancing vase life, highlighting their potential as an eco-friendly strategy for crop protection and postharvest management in floriculture.

Keywords


Gladiolus corm rot, Fusarium oxysporum management, Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles, Eco-friendly nanobiofungicides, Postharvest disease control

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.009.04.5941

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