Antibacterial, Antifungal Activity and Characterization of Citrus Peel and Pulp

Abeer Zahra, Sana Shahid, Misbah Parveen, Suhaib Patrick, Ejaz Hussain Siddiqi, Muhammad Tanveer, Khizar Hayat Bhatti, Muhammad Zubair

Abstract


Pakistan is big citrus producer of the world so, present research was executed to appraise the phytochemical attributes, antimicrobial and antifungal activities of newly produced Citrus limon, C. reteculata, C. paradise and C. limetta. In the preliminary examination solvent extracts were assessed for total phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Significant presence of bioactive compounds flavonoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids in peel and pulp of the citrus species. The presence of bioactive compounds directed research for antimicrobial potential, and samples of selected citrus species were tested against microbes and showed very promising antimicrobial activity against fungi and bacteria. The dilution method and disk diffusion method were used for antifungal activity and antibacterial activity, respectively. Samples showed a significant reduction in fungal biomass with an enhanced concentration trend in acetone solvent than ethanol. Whereas, both ethanol and acetone extracts showed a zone of inhibition against all bacterial strains at 50 mg/mL concentration. For supporting research study characterization of citrus samples was performed using GC-MS (QP2010 Shimadzu) for identification of different bioactive compounds. Many inter-varietal chemicals were found through mass spectrometry analysis. The presence of bioactive phenolic and flavonoids, aldehydes, and kenotic compounds in selected citrus species, with confirmation of antibacterial and antifungal activity may be concluded that citrus species of Pakistan have great potential for nutraceutical applications.

Keywords


Antimicrobial activity; Bacterial strains; Citrus peel; Citrus pulp; GC-MS

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33687/planthealth.03.02.5121

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