Interaction of Heavy Metals Stress (Cadmium, Copper) and Salicylic Acid on Growth, Yield and Physiological Parameters in Two Varieties of Pea

Abeer Zahra, Misbah Zafar, Anam Younas, Taimoor Hassan, Arifa Nazeer, Noshia Arshad, Muhammad Zeeshan Baqir, Khizar Hayat Bhatti, Muahmmad Ishtiaq, Tanveer Hussain

Abstract


The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar salicylic acid spray in reducing the negative effects of heavy metal (cadmium, copper) stress on two varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) Meteor and Green Cross during 2020-2021. Heavy metal stress on plants (40, 60, 80 and 120 ppm) eventually caused the loss of several of their morphological traits. All morphological parameters such as root and shoot length as well as dry and fresh biomass, leaf area, number of leaves and leaf area ratio were declined with the heavy metals (Cd, Cu) stress. Antioxidant levels as well as biochemical attributes were decreased by heavy metal stress. After plants were exposed to stress, the amount of protein and carbohydrates decreased. All photosynthesis-related pigments, including chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, were similarly decreased. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrated that spraying plants with salicylic acid both under normal circumstances and when they were exposed to heavy metal stress was beneficial. The negative effects of heavy metal stress on plants were reduced with the use of foliar sprays containing salicylic acid. The Meteor variety of pea produced the best effects across the board, according to overall data. The study found that foliar treatments of 30 and 40 ppm of SA could help plants under heavy metal stress by enhancing morphological, physiological, biochemical, antioxidant activity, and yield catalogues in pea plants. Salicylic acid, when used to relieve heavy metal stress, can therefore be advantageous in this regard. This can be done to increase crop output, despite the fact that salicylic acid application has also proved successful. According to our research, oxidative stress is the main contributor to the phytotoxicity of heavy metals (Cd and Cu), and salicylic acid is a key component of pea plants' defence mechanisms against Cd and Cu exposure.

Keywords


Antioxidant activities; Chlorophyll contents; Exogenous treatments; Heavy metal toxicity; Pea; Phytohormones

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33687/planthealth.03.01.5128

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