Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Chilocorinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Malakand region, Pakistan

Kausar Saeed, Munawar Saleem Ahmad, Khushi Muhammad, Qaiser Zaman, Azam Jan Afridi, Imad Ali Khan, Ubaidur Rehman, Usama Nawab

Abstract


The subfamily Chilocorinae plays an active role in biological control, being predominantly predatory in nature and distributed worldwide, including in Pakistan. They feed on soft-bodied insects such as scale insects, aphids, leafhoppers, mealybugs, and psyllids. In this research, three species have been molecularly identified for the first time, belonging to three different genera: Brumoides, Exochomus, and Parexochomus. The study was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023, during which a total of 375 samples were collected from the Malakand region of Pakistan, specifically from seven districts. The collected specimens were preserved in insect boxes and tagged. DNA extraction was performed from the legs of ladybird beetles, followed by PCR amplification using the primers LCO1490 and HCO2198. Sanger sequencing was carried out using BioEdit software (version 7.2), and phylogenetic analyses were performed using MEGA 11 software to construct a phylogenetic tree. Three species belonging to three genera of the subfamily Chilocorinae were molecularly identified and phylogenetically analyzed from the Malakand region of Pakistan: Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1789), Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson, 1843), and Parexochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze, 1777). Overall, this study underscores the importance of phylogenetic analysis for the accurate taxonomy of the subfamily Chilocorinae and their relationship with closely related species.


Keywords


Family Coccinellidae, Subfamily Chilocorinae, DNA barcoding, Phylogenetic analysis, Malakand, Pakistan

Full Text:

PDF

References


Akram, S., Arshan, K.M., Abdul, H.J., 2017. DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of five ascidians (Phlebobranchia) distributed in Gulf of Mannar, India. Mitochondrial DNA Part A 29(4), 581-586.

Al Ansi, A., Alkhalaf, A.A., Fadl, H., Rasool, I., Al Dhafer, H., 2020. An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) with eight new records from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ZooKeys 1006, 35.

Al-Saadi, A., Pathare, P. B., Al-Rizeiqi, M., Al-Bulushi, I., Al-Ismaili, A., 2023. Quality improvement of dried anchovies at three solar drying methods. Journal of Food Quality 2023(1), 4939468.

Bajracharya, S., Baral, S., Gaudel, P., Shrestha, B.R., 2024. First confirmed locality record of ladybird beetle Synona melanopepla (Mulsant, 1850) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Nepal. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 26(1), 27-31.

Biranvand, A., Tomaszewska, W., Li, W., Nicolas, V., Shakarami, J., Fekrat, L., Hesami, S., 2017. Review of the tribe ChilocoriniMulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712, 43.

Bodlah, M.A., Bodlah, I., Rasheed, M.T., Fareen, A.G.E., Ikram, K., Iqbal, Z., Zada, R., 2021. Coccinellidae beetles (Coleoptera) fauna of district Layyah (Punjab), Pakistan. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2021(1), 1-65.

Canepari, C., Milanese, S.D., 1997. Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from the Nepal Himalayas. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. A 565, 1-65.

Caterino, M.S., Vogler, A.P., 2002. The phylogeny of the histeroidea (coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Cladistics 18(4), 394-415.

Garcia-Robledo, C., Kuprewicz, E.K., Staines, C.L., Kress, W.J., Erwin, T.L., 2013. Using a comprehensive DNA barcode library to detect novel egg and larval host plant associations in a Cephaloleia rolled-leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 110(1), 189-198.

Hebert, P.D., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., Dewaard, J.R., 2003. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 270(1512), 313-321.

Hebert, P.D., Stoeckle, M.Y., Zemlak, T.S., Francis, C.M., 2004. Identification of Ladybird through DNA barcodes. PLoS Biology 2(10), 312.

Kapur, A.P., 1942. Bionomics of some Coccinellids, Predaceous on aphids and coccids in North India. Indian Journal of Entomology 4(1), 49-66.

Kapur, A.P., 1958. Coccinellidae of Nepal. Records of the Indian Museum 53(1), 309-338.

Khalil, N., Mourad, A., Karoum, M., Baker, M.A., Amr, Z., 2021. Fauna of the ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and their associated host plants from Southern Syria. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 14(4) 11-13.

Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Nei, M., 1994. MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software for microcomputers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 10, 189-191.

Kundoo, A.A., Khan, A.A., Ahad, I., Bhat, N.A., Chatoo, M.A., Rasool, K., 2018. Taxonomic redescription of the species of sub-family Chilocorinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Jammu and Kashmir, India. International Journal of Chemical Studies 6(6), 1465-1469.

Kuznetsov, V.N., 1997. Lady beetles of the Russian Far East. Memoir No.1.

Łączyński, P., Tomaszewska, W., 2012, March. Chapinaria, new genus of Chilocorini for Endochilus meridionalis Sicard from Africa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annales Zoologici 62 (1), 1-9.

Li, W., Huo, L., Chen, X., Ren, S., Wang, X., 2017. A new species of the genus Phaenochilus Weise from China (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Chilocorini). ZooKeys 644, 33-41.

Li, W., Łączyński, P., Escalona, H.E., Eberle, J., Huo, L., Chen, X., Wang, X., 2020. Combined molecular and morphological data provide insights into the evolution and classification of Chilocorini ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Systematic Entomology 45(2), 447-463.

Li, X., Song, N., Zhang, H., 2021. Comparative and phylogenomic analysis of mitochondrial genomes in Coccinellidae (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea). PeerJ 9, 12169.

Magro, A., Lecompte, E., Magne, F., Hemptinne, J.L., Crouau-Roy, B., 2010. Phylogeny of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): are the subfamilies monophyletic. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54(3), 833-848.

Mehrnejad, M.R., 2010. Potential biological control agents of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscenapistaciae, a review. Entomofauna 31(21), 317-340.

Muniappan, R., Watson, G.W., Evans, G.A., Rauf, A., Von Ellenrieder, N., 2012. Cycad aulacaspis scale, a newly introduced insect pest in Indonesia. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 19(3), 110-114.

Oba, Y., Ôhira, H., Murase, Y., Moriyama, A., Kumazawa, Y., 2015. DNA barcoding of Japanese click beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae). PLoS One 10(1), 11-12.

Pereira, L.H., Hanner, R., Foresti, F., Oliveira, C., 2013. Can DNA barcoding accurately discriminate megadiverse Neotropical freshwater fish fauna? BMC Genetics 14, 1-14.

Poolprasert, P., Senarat, S., Nak-eiam, S., Likhitrakarn, N., 2019. Molecular taxonomic identification of predatory ladybird beetles inferred from COI Sequences (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 4(2), 10-18.

Poorani, J., 2003. An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Indian Subregion. 90 pp. (www.nbaii.res.in/poorani.html)

Poorani, J., 2004. Notes on the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Indian sub-continent, including new synonymies. Journal of Biological Control 18(2), 185-187.

Pope, R.D., 1983. Some aphid waxes, their form and function (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Natural History 17(4), 489-506.

Pushpendra, K.S., Prakash, C.J., 2010. New Records of Coccinellid Beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) from District Dehradun. Uttarakhand), India New York Science Journal 3(6), 112-120.

Rafi, M.A., Irshad, M., Inayatullah, M., 2005. Predatory ladybird beetles of Pakistan. National Insect Museum & Insect Pest Informatics, IPM Programme.

Raimundo, A.A., van Harten, A., 2000. An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 18, 211-24.

Rakhshani, E., Saeedifar, A., 2013. Seasonal fluctuations, spatial distribution and natural enemies of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Iran. Entomological Science 16(1), 17-25.

Raupach, M.J., Astrin, J.J., Hannig, K., Peters, M.K., Stoeckle, M.Y., Wägele, J.W., 2010. Molecular species identification of Central European ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) using nuclear rDNA expansion segments and DNA barcodes. Frontiers in Zoology 7, 1-15.

Ren, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Staub, J. E., Han, Y., Cheng, Z., Huang, S. 2009. An integrated genetic and cytogenetic map of the cucumber genome. PloS One 4(6), e5795.

Saeed, K., Khattak, M.N.K., Naz, F., Akhtar, N., Khan, M.F., 2016. Genus Coccinella (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) from District Buner Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Entomol Ornithol Herpetol 5(187), 2161-0983.

Saeed, K., Khattak, M.N.K., Khan, F., Naz, F., Akhtar, N., 2016. Morphological characteristics of ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) of district Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 48(5) 15-17.

Schindel, D.E., Miller, S.E., 2005. DNA barcoding a useful tool for taxonomists. Nature 435(7038), 17-18.

Shull, V.L., Vogler, A.P., Baker, M.D., Maddison, D.R., Hammond, P.M., 2001. Sequence alignment of 18S ribosomal RNA and the basal relationships of Adephagan beetles: evidence for monophyly of aquatic families and the placement of Trachypachidae. Systematic Biology 50, 945-969.

Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28, 2731-2739.

Ullah, R., Khan, M.S., Inayatullah, M., Haq, F., 2016. Multivariate analysis of Coccinellids fauna of Malakand division, Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4(6), 485-489.

Vela, J.M., 2018. On the identity of Calomicrus fallax (Joannis, 1865) with description of a new, widespread species of Calomicrus from Spain and Portugal and comments on the Iberian species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Graellsia 74(2), e074.

Yan, H.F., Liu, Y.J., Xie, X.F., Zhang, C.Y., Hu, C.M., Hao, G., Ge, X.J., 2015. DNA barcoding evaluation and its taxonomic implications in the species-rich genus Primula L. in China. PLoS One 10(4), 12-29.

Zare Khormizi, M., Biranvand, A., Shakarami, J., 2013. The faunistic survey of lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Mehriz region (Yazd Province), Iran. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum 12(4), 43-51.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.009.01.5529

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.