Journal of Zoo Biology
https://esciencepress.net/journals/index.php/JZB
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;" align="justify">Journal of Zoo Biology is an open access peer-reviewed international interdisciplinary journal focusing on original reporting, experimental and theoretical contributions to animal sciences. Quality research articles and critical reviews from around the world cover: Biodiversity, demographics, genetics, behavior, reproduction, nutrition, diseases of animals, physiological, biochemical, and molecular, ecological, genetic and economic aspects of animals are accepted for publication.<br /> <br /> Journal of Zoo Biology is jointly published by EScience Press and Center for Community Learning (CCL) and has no affiliation with Wiley Periodicals, Inc. publishing Zoo Biology.</p>EScience Pressen-USJournal of Zoo Biology2706-9753<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;" align="justify">Submission of a manuscript infers that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis). It is also not under consideration for publication elsewhere.</p><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;" align="justify"> </p><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;" align="justify">All works published by Journal of Zoo Biology is freely available to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License). The CC BY license allows for maximum dissemination and re-use of open access materials and is preferred by many research funding bodies. Under this license users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit) and remix (adapt) the contribution including for commercial purposes, providing they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" target="_blank">read full legal code</a>).</p><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;" align="justify"> </p><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;" align="justify">Under Creative Commons, authors retain copyright in their articles.</p><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;" align="justify"> </p>Comparison of Bacterial Diversity in Water Samples of Aquaculture, Aquaponic and Hydroponic System
https://esciencepress.net/journals/index.php/JZB/article/view/4519
<p>Aquaponics is the production of aquatic organisms using less water while hydroponic is the production of vegetables and plants without soil. Microbial diversity in these culture systems includes bacteria, protists, fungi, and archaea. Among microbes, bacteria are a pivotal and crucial aspect of aquaponic, aquaculture, and hydroponic system, acts as the bridge connecting the waste of fish to the fertilizer for plants. Current research aims to compare the bacterial diversity in water samples of aquaculture, aquaponics, and hydroponic systems. For this purpose, water samples were taken from aquaculture, aquaponic, and hydroponic system. Aliquots of the samples were used for the isolation of bacterial species based on standard procedures. Colonies were purified after isolation by membrane filtration by twice subculturing using the method of streaking plate. Potential bacterial isolates were characterized and identified up to the specie level by following standard microbiological techniques. Different bacterial species were isolated from water samples during the study include <em>Aeromonas spp., Bacillus spp., Nitrosomnas spp., Nitrobacter spp., Psuedomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptomyces spp., Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus spp. Bacillus spp</em>. present in all these systems. <em>Nitrosomnas spp</em>. and <em>Psuedomonas spp.</em>, show similarity in an aquaponic and hydroponic system. <em>Enterobacter spp., Streptomyces spp</em>., shows similarity in aquaculture and hydroponic system. It is observed that the water was full of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria which exhibited potential impact on the cultured fish and plant species.</p>Ayesha ArifSafina KousarSumaira AslamMuaza HafeezFaiza AmbreenKomal TayyabSadia Andleeb
Copyright (c) 2023 Ayesha Arif
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2023-12-282023-12-2861010710.33687/zoobiol.006.01.4519SARS CoV 2 (COVID-19) Diagnosis in Wildlife Animals using Rt-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Dubai Safari Park
https://esciencepress.net/journals/index.php/JZB/article/view/4579
<div class="WordSection1"><p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is a beta coronavirus, a genus that includes several coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, bat SARS-like CoV, and others) isolated from humans, bats, camels, civets, and other animals. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogenic agent that causes the disease COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have emerged from an animal source, most likely a bat, and subsequently spread to humans. While genetically closely related viruses have been isolated from Rhinolophus bats, the exact source of SARS-CoV-2 and its route of introduction into the human population have not been established. Monitoring animal infections is imperative to better understanding their epidemiological significance for animal health, biodiversity, and human health. According to evidence from risk assessments, epidemiological investigations, and experimental studies, animals play no significant role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2, which is sustained by human-to-human transmission. The possibility of Coronavirus testing by veterinary labs was considered after the Iowa State veterinary lab discovered the COVID-19 virus has a similar DNA testing process to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED). PED is another form of coronavirus that killed many piglets in 2013 and was unresponsive to treatment. Several vet labs optimized their equipment and processes to test for PED, helping them determine that older pigs could recover and develop immunity against the virus. Those same labs are still set up for coronavirus testing. We in Dubai Safari Park, particularly within the laboratory Veterinary Hospital, are conducting RT-PCR analysis to test diverse animal species including non-human primates, Carnivores, small mammals, and Ungulates. Even though none of our animals show any respiratory signs, we have conducted this study to ensure that our animal collection is healthy and free of SARS-COV-2.</p></div>Jameela H. x H. GhazalyJayadevan M. MandiramMurad B. MustafaMuna A. Alhajeri
Copyright (c) 2023 Jameela H. Ghazaly, Jayadevan M. Mandiram, Murad B. Mustafa, Muna A. Alhajeri
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2023-12-282023-12-2861091610.33687/zoobiol.006.01.4579Assessment of Relative Toxicity of Common Insecticides against Adult and Grubs of Coccinella septempunctata under Laboratory Settings
https://esciencepress.net/journals/index.php/JZB/article/view/4618
One of the significant aphid-eating predators that are natural is the ladybird beetle <em>Coccinella septempunctata</em>. <em>C. septempunctata</em> is a biological control agent and effective in integrated pest management strategies (IPM). In the development of IPM, chemical insecticides are routinely utilized, to boost crop protection and support the activity of biological control agents. Research on the relative toxicity of multiple insecticides on seven spotted ladybird beetle <em>C. septempunctata</em> L. instars was conducted in a lab environment to gauge the <em>C. septempunctata</em>’s reaction to powerful insecticides. Six insecticides were treated as Spinetoram 120SC (0.4%/0.5L), Steward 150EC (0.86/0.5L), Coragen 200ml (0.4%/0.5L), Siphtoram 120SE (0.8/0.5L), Chlorfenapyr 36% (1.25/0.5L), and Lufenuron 50% (1.0/0.5L) to the 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, and 4<sup>th</sup> instars of <em>C. septempunctata</em>. After 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of the treatment, the results of the proportional death were determined. Ongoing investigation was done at 60±5% RH and 25<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>2<sup>o</sup>C. When administered on adult ladybird beetles, Lufenuron was detrimental in 99.4 % cases, Chlorfenapyr in 88.4% Steward in 85.5% of cases, Coragen in 83.2%, and Siphtoram in 77.6%, Spinetoram was very little hazardous substance based on the death rate, followed by, Coragen, Steward, Chlorfenapyr, and Lufenuron.Tamseela MumtazRabia AfzalDilber H. RoyShamim Akhtar
Copyright (c) 2024 Tamseela Mumtaz, Rabia Afzal, Dilber Hussain
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2023-12-282023-12-2861172510.33687/zoobiol.006.01.4618Probiotics, An Approach towards Modern Medication
https://esciencepress.net/journals/index.php/JZB/article/view/4673
<p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is a beta coronavirus, a genus that includes several coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, bat SARS-like CoV, and others) isolated from humans, bats, camels, civets, and other animals. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogenic agent that causes the disease COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have emerged from an animal source, most likely a bat, and subsequently spread to humans. While genetically closely related viruses have been isolated from Rhinolophus bats, the exact source of SARS-CoV-2 and its route of introduction into the human population have not been established. Monitoring animal infections is imperative to better understanding their epidemiological significance for animal health, biodiversity, and human health. According to evidence from risk assessments, epidemiological investigations, and experimental studies, animals play no significant role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2, which is sustained by human-to-human transmission. The possibility of Coronavirus testing by veterinary labs was considered after the Iowa State veterinary lab discovered the COVID-19 virus has a similar DNA testing process to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED). PED is another form of coronavirus that killed many piglets in 2013 and was unresponsive to treatment. Several vet labs optimized their equipment and processes to test for PED, helping them determine that older pigs could recover and develop immunity against the virus. Those same labs are still set up for coronavirus testing. We in Dubai Safari Park, particularly within the laboratory Veterinary Hospital, are conducting RT-PCR analysis to test diverse animal species including non-human primates, Carnivores, small mammals, and Ungulates. Even though none of our animals show any respiratory signs, we have conducted this study to ensure that our animal collection is healthy and free of SARS-COV-2.</p>Saima NazirMajeeda RasheedOshaz FatimaEisha Tu RaaziMadiha Fayyaz
Copyright (c) 2023 Saima Nazir
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2023-12-282023-12-286110.33687/zoobiol.006.01.4673