Assessing the Diversity and Relative Abundance of the Order Odonata, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in Rice, Maize, and Wheat Fields

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to assess the diversity of Odonata, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in the fields of rice, maize, and wheat under relevant factors. The area of these crops in the District Faisalabad was where specimens related to these orders were gathered. Faisalabad employees choose several ways of collecting, like hand picking, using a hand net, and forceps. From October 2013 to April 2014, the entire sampling was random. With the aid of taxonomic information, collected insects were identified based on their morphological traits and faunal diversity belonging to selected orders as the trustworthiness of these crops for these orders was documented. The highest variety (H′) was found in maize fields (7.3204), followed by rice (2.2707), and wheat fields (2.1758). In contrast, the highest diversity (H max) was almost equally distributed among the three crops. However, the highest levels of evenness (J) were found in the maize crop as compared to others. Wheat crop fields (0.1757), rice fields (0.0779), and maize fields (0.0779) showed the highest levels of dominance (D) (-2.0049). All crops had equal documented levels of wealth (R). The overall results between these crops were statistically significant (P = 0.05053; F = 3.0522) and t-Test analysis was also significant, but the P-value ratio was different.