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INSECT DIGESTIVE GLYCOSIDASES: STRATEGIES OF PURIFICATION, BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS, A REVIEW
Abstract
Insects are animal of extraordinary ecological and economic importance. In these ones, digestive glycosidases are to play a key physiological role in maintenance, survival and reproduction. Moreover, these enzymes were extensively investigated in terms of purification, biochemical and molecular characterization and potential application as tools in glycobiology. This review focuses on amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes in insects in order to provide some data on purification strategies, biochemical and molecular properties and potential applications. These digestive glycosidases from insects are generally α-amylase and α-glucosidase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase, xylanase and β-xylosidase for amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, respectively. Their purifications are done using ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by chromatographic steps as gel filtration, ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction. Their biochemical characterization indicated generally optimum pH and temperature values between 3.5 and 10.0 and 30 and 60°C, respectively. Molecular characterization in terms of molecular weight estimation indicated that these enzymes are generally medium in size with molecular weights of less than 200 kDa. Regarding their applications, some of these enzymes could be useful for saccharification of glucose polymers in order to produce syrup of oligosaccharides mixture, when others could be the valuable tools for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and neoglycoconjugates by transglycosylation reactions and also in biotechnological application and biofuel production. But also, in particular, α-amylases are used as a target for the control of pest insects.
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