Efficacy of essential oils in suppressing tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease and enhancing growth and yield of tomato
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major constraint to tomato production, causing severe leaf curling, chlorosis, stunting, and yield reduction. This study evaluated the efficacy of thyme and rosemary essential oils at 1, 2, and 3% against TYLCV and their effects on tomato growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and fruit yield. TYLCV infection was molecularly confirmed by PCR through amplification of the expected 777-bp coat protein gene fragment. Essential-oil treatments significantly improved vegetative growth and reduced disease severity compared with the untreated control. Rosemary oil at 3% produced the greatest plant height (158.2 cm), number of branches (10.2/plant), number of leaves (157.1/plant¹), leaf area (120.8 cm2), and chlorophyll content (9.312). It also resulted in the highest shoot fresh and dry weights (1516.6 and 306.7 g, respectively) and root fresh and dry weights (49.2 and 24.0 g, respectively). Disease severity was reduced from 62.76% in the untreated control to 1.50% with 3% rosemary oil and 3.70% with 3% thyme oil. Fruit yield was also highest with 3% rosemary oil (25.081 kg per experimental sector), followed by 3% thyme oil (17.870 kg), compared with 6.990 kg in the untreated control. The responses generally increased with increasing essential-oil concentration. Overall, rosemary and thyme essential oils, particularly rosemary oil at 3%, were associated with reduced TYLCV severity and improved tomato growth, biomass accumulation, and yield, indicating their potential as botanical components of TYLCV management. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying antiviral and plant-defense mechanisms.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.010.05.6249
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