Resistance expression in advanced mungbean generations against mungbean yellow mosaic begomovirus

Muhammad Nasir, Azher Mustafa, Asia Batool, Saima Naseer, Muhammad Sajjad, Muhammad Zeeshan Niaz, Shahid Nazir, Imran Habib, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz

Abstract


Yellow mosaic disease (YMD), caused by begomoviruses and transmitted primarily by Bemisia tabaci, is a major constraint to mungbean production in South Asia. The present study investigated YMD epidemiology, whitefly population dynamics, resistance stability of advanced PRI mungbean lines, and the role of alternate hosts under natural field conditions during two consecutive growing seasons (2021-2022). In the susceptible cultivar Mung Kabuli, YMD incidence increased from 25.67% at flowering to 61.97% at maturity in 2021 and from 40.00% to 72.42% in 2022, coinciding with higher whitefly populations during the disease initiation phase. Advanced mungbean lines exhibited considerable variation in disease response; however, disease pressure increased substantially in 2022, resulting in a decline in resistance stability. Several genotypes previously categorized as resistant or moderately resistant showed increased susceptibility, with 21PRI4 shifting from moderately resistant to moderately susceptible and 21PRI3 from moderately susceptible to susceptible. Yellow mosaic symptoms were recorded on eight alternate plant hosts, among which urdbean, cowpea, pigeon pea, soybean, and jungle mat bean showed detectable begomovirus accumulation. Serological analysis revealed increased begomovirus particle concentration in Mung Kabuli and advanced lines during 2022 compared with 2021, indicating progressive virus accumulation under continuous infection pressure. The consistent presence of begomovirus in alternate hosts highlights their potential role as inoculum reservoirs. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of YMD epidemics and emphasize the need for durable resistance sources, molecular characterization of circulating begomoviruses, and integrated management strategies for sustainable mungbean production.


Keywords


Yellow mosaic disease; begomovirus; Bemisia tabaci; mungbean resistance; alternate hosts; virus epidemiology

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.010.04.6173

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