Comparative toxicity of insecticides and botanical extracts against canola aphids and associated predators under field conditions
Abstract
Canola aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) is a major insect pest that significantly reduces canola productivity. This study evaluated the efficacy of three insecticides (acetamiprid, profenofos, and diafenthiuron) and two botanical extracts (Matricaria chamomilla and Citrullus colocynthis) against aphid populations and their effects on associated bio-control agents in two canola varieties, Rainbow and Oscar. Pre-treatment observations revealed no significant differences in aphid or bio-control agent populations among treatments, confirming uniform pest infestation and predator distribution before application. Following treatment, all insecticides and botanical extracts significantly reduced aphid populations compared with the untreated control. In both varieties, diafenthiuron consistently exhibited the highest efficacy, achieving aphid reductions of up to 86.12% and 91.85% at 4 days after treatment in Rainbow and Oscar, respectively. Profenofos and acetamiprid also provided substantial aphid suppression, whereas the botanical extracts were comparatively less effective. Among the botanicals, C. colocynthis showed greater aphid reduction than M. chamomilla throughout the study. Mean aphid suppression was significantly higher in insecticide-treated plots than in botanical treatments. Assessment of bio-control agent populations indicated that synthetic insecticides adversely affected beneficial insects. Diafenthiuron caused the greatest reduction in bio-control agents, reaching 94.44% and 100% mortality in Rainbow and Oscar varieties, respectively. In contrast, botanical extracts exhibited comparatively lower toxicity, particularly M. chamomilla, which preserved a greater proportion of beneficial organisms. In conclusion, diafenthiuron provided the highest aphid control in both canola varieties but significantly reduced bio-control agent populations. In contrast, C. colocynthis offered moderate aphid suppression with comparatively lower adverse effects on beneficial arthropods.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.010.03.6158
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