Gene expression of ycf2 and ndhD in two rapeseed varieties under salt stress with ascorbic acid, ultraviolet radiation and allelopathic effects on soybean
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression patterns of chloroplast-encoded genes ycf2 and ndhD in two rapeseed varieties (Swedish and Iranian) under treatments of ascorbic acid, ultraviolet radiation, and salt stress, alongside the allelopathic effects of rapeseed residues on soybean growth. Chloroplast genes play a crucial role in photosynthesis and stress tolerance; however, their regulation under combined abiotic stresses remains insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate how antioxidant application and radiation interact with salinity to influence gene expression and plant performance. Results revealed that the combined application of ascorbic acid and radiation markedly enhanced ycf2 expression, reaching over 8.11-fold in the Swedish variety and 1.84-fold in the Iranian variety. Similarly, ndhD expression peaked under the same combined treatment, with 4-fold and 3.13-fold increases in Swedish and Iranian varieties, respectively. In contrast, salt stress alone consistently resulted in the lowest expression levels of both genes in both varieties. Combined stress treatments involving salt generally suppressed gene expression, although partial mitigation was observed when ascorbic acid was included. Overall, the Swedish variety exhibited a stronger transcriptional response compared to the Iranian variety. Furthermore, allelopathic assays demonstrated that rapeseed leaf residues significantly reduced plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and relative water content in soybean plants, indicating inhibitory effects on growth and physiology. In conclusion, the synergistic application of ascorbic acid and radiation enhances chloroplast gene expression and may improve stress tolerance, whereas salinity exerts a suppressive effect. Moreover, rapeseed residues exhibit notable allelopathic potential, adversely affecting subsequent crop growth.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.010.02.6077
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